Khomeinis concept of velayatefaqih rule by a supreme islamic jurisprudent, or supreme. The present anthology is designed to serve as a detailed and reliable introduction to the ideas and pronouncements of imam khomeini for those who have no access to the original persian texts. Ayatollah khomeini is well known by the theory of governance of the. Ayatollah khomeini was the leader of the islamic republic of iran in 1979 and was later named the eternal religious and political leader of iran. We have excluded writings that deal with technical aspects of islamic. The countrys 1979 constitution put into place a mixed system of government, in which the executive, parliament, and judiciary are overseen by several bodies dominated by the clergy. Ayatollah khomeinis political theory and public interest. Ruhollah khomeini was an iranian ayatollah, politicalspiritual leader of the islamic revolution of 1979, who overthrew the sah mohammad reza pahlevi, and supreme leader of the country until his death. State department country documents foreign government reports. Khomeini returned from france on february 1, 1979, and, on february 11, 1979, he declared an islamic republic of iran. It is our duty to work toward the establishment of an islamic government.
On february 11, imam khomeini declared a provisional government. Imam khomeini and the iranian revolution of 1979 history. It is clear that the islamic republic that emerged in iran resembled the kind of ideal design of islamic government that khomeini had depicted in a series of lectures on islamic government. For khomeini and his supporters, this was the only form of government that could meet the demands of the modern world while remaining in accord with the quran and traditions of the prophet muhammad, since it would replace a secular monarchy with the authority of the highest ranking shii ulema, the ayatollahs. The shahs reign had been briefly interrupted between 1951 and 1953 with the interlude of prime minister mohammed.
Imam khomeinis movement, the idea of establishing an islamic government based on governance of the jurist was crystallized as a fundamental idea. Imam khomeini has been a prolific writer and frequent speaker, and this volume represents only a fraction of his total output. The law calling for the removal of hijab was implemented after riza khans return from turkey in 1934 on 7 january 1935 17 dey 41 ahs. Islamic government governance of the jurist imam khomeini. Program for the establishment of an islamic government.
The lectures were recorded and transcribed by a student, and then published in book form. Imam khomeinis movement, the idea of establishing an islamic government. Like the other works of imam khomeini, the book governance of the. Imam ruhullah khomeini, the necessity of islamic government, in.
Islamic government does not correspond to any of the existing forms of government. The form of government was thoroughly perverted by being transformed into a monarchy, like those of the kings of iran, the emperors of rome, and the pharaohs of egypt. Khomeini believed that the need for governance of the faqih was obvious to good muslims. Those who opposed the constitution said that it instituted a form of tyranny, but. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini was the founder and first supreme leader of the islamic republic of iran. Imam khomeini download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Uk home office report citizenship and nationality dec. At milestone documents, we believe that engaging with historys original voices is exciting for students and liberating for instructors.
The government of ayatollah khomeini attempted to change iranian society by implementing islamic fundamentalist principles. At the head of both the state and oversight institutions is a ranking cleric known as the rahbar, or. Islamic government is not a form of monarchy, especially not an imperial system, khomeini said, in islamic governments, unlike monarchical and imperial regimes, there is not the slightest trace of vast palaces, opulent buildings, servants and retainers, private equerries, adjutants to the heir apparent, and all other appurtenances of. Inside iran the structure of power in iran terror and. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini 19021989 was a fundamentalist shia islamic cleric and iranian politician who overthrew the autocratic monarch of iran, shah mohammad reza pahlavi, in 197879. Iran is a unitary islamic republic with one legislative house. Islamic revolution and a form of government about 37 years later. The shahs reign had been briefly interrupted between 1951 and 1953 with the. Khomeini, who later became the leader of the islamic revolution, reinterpreted the shia political thought and proposed a novel islamic theory of state. He founded the iri on the basis of the theory of the regency of the jurist wiliayatefaqih, which is partly argued in this work. It explains this form is due to the referendum passed by 98% of the eligible voters of iran and gives credit to imam khomeini for the victorious revolution. Imam khomeini believes, therefore, that islamic legislative power or law. The first is the necessity for the establishment and maintenance of islamic political power for islamic goals, precepts, and criteria. Foreword in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful all praise be to god.
Ayatollah sayyed ruhollah khomeini islamic government. Governance of the jurist ayatullah ruhullah almusawi al khomeini xkp published. Khomeinis method gives political leadershipin the absence of the divinely inspired imamto the faqih, or. Iran,168 he called upon them to abandon the monarchical and imperial form of.
It was created from thousands of properties confiscated in the aftermath of. Hasan heirs holders of authority husayn imam khomeini imam rida imperialism imperialists implement institutions of islam iran islamic government islamic law jafar jizyah judge jurist justice kharaj khums knowledge kulayni laws of islam leader. Governance of the jurist ayatullah ruhullah almusawi alkhomeini xkp published. The institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works international affairs department original language. Islamic republic of iran united states department of justice. Jul 23, 2019 ayatollah khomeini was the leader of the islamic republic of iran in 1979 and was later named the eternal religious and political leader of iran. Probably the best known of imam khomeini s works, the book islamic government originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Ruhollah rouhollah mousavi khomeini was born on 24 september 1902, he is the founder of the islamic republic of iran. For this reason, god almighty, in addition to revealing a body of law i. International affairs department the institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works no. The revolution placed iran at the forefront of middle east politics and the islamic revival. Ayatollah khomeini from 14 years of foreign exile on february 1, 1979, noruz iranian new year, march 21, islamic republic day april 1, thirteenth day of new year april 2, and several islamic religious holidays that are reckoned in accordance with the lunar calendar and thus do not reoccur on the same dates each year. Imam khomeini democracy, rule of law form essential.
Khomeini promised supporters he would form a new islamic government and draft a new constitution. Pdf ayatollah khomeini is famous for the theory of islamic. In fact, if the form of government willed by islam were to come into being, none of the governments now existing in the world would. Viewpoints of imam khomeini and ayatollah khamenei. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the. A critical introduction to khomeini as the architect of the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini remains one of the most inspirational and enigmatic fi gures of the twentieth century. Islamic government the governance of the juist originated in a series of lectures given by imam khomeini ra in najaf, iraq during his exile between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini 19021989 was, of course, the islamic cleric who returned from 15 years of exile in paris in 1979 to spark the iranian revolution, overthrowing the last shah of iran, and then becoming irans supreme leader. Khomeini believes, therefore, that islamic legislative power or law. Pdf sudden emerge of ayatollah khomeini as a prominent jurist in iran and. The institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeinis works international affairs department original language. For example, it is not a tyranny, where the head of state can deal arbitrarily with the property and lives of the people, making use of them as he wills, putting to death anyone he wishes, and enriching anyone he wishes by granting landed estates and distributing the property and holdings of the people.
In that role, khomeini created or influenced multiple violent extremist groups, including irans. The islamic jurists fuqaha have generally been involved in the issue of governance of the jurist in different subject matters in fiqh, some briefly and some in details. Islamic government probably the best known of imam khomeinis works, the book islamic government originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. The necessity for islamic government islamic government. A glaring example of this suprasharia exercise of power was khomeinis 1988 letter to the thenpresident and current leader of the islamic republic, ayatollah khamenei, in which khomeini 1988 rejected khameneis restricted conception of the islamic states powers and proclaimed that protecting the islamic governments interests was. The execution of imam khomeinis order eiko, persian. The government of ayatollah khomeini attempted to change. On march 30, 1979, and march 31, 1979, the provisional government asked all iranians sixteen years of age and older, male and female, to vote in a referendum on the question of accepting an islamic republic as the new form of government and.
Program for the establishment of an islamic government 1. At the head of both the state and oversight institutions is a ranking cleric known as the rahbar, or leader. Our flexible, affordable, entirely digital readers help you focus your classroom on primary sources. Fanatic, dogmatic, fundamentalist these are the words most often used in the west to describe the ayatollah khomeini. For example, it is not a tyranny, where the head of state can deal arbitrarily with the property and lives of the people, making use of them as he wills, putting to death anyone he wishes, and enriching anyone he wishes by granting landed estates and distributing the property and holdings of the. These kinds of social and political experiences and observations in his. Jan 01, 2004 ruhollah rouhollah mousavi khomeini was born on 24 september 1902, he is the founder of the islamic republic of iran. This book is one of the many islamic publications distributed by ahlulbayt organization throughout the world in different languages with the aim of conveying the message of islam to the people of the world. Click here to request a free trial account only available to college instructors.
We have excluded writings that deal with technical aspects of. Article 1 form of government article 1 states that the form of government in iran is that of an islamic republic. Pdf the roots of formation of ayatollah khomeinis political. Democracy, rule of law form essential parts of imam khomeini. We may call khomeinis political theory in qom period as the theory of constitutional government with the permission and supervision of the jurists, which is. Islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini 19011989. The form of government of the umayyads and the abbasids,17 and the political and administrative policies they pursued, were anti islamic. Governance of the jurist 1970 commentary by michael j. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading islamic government. The first activity we must undertake in this respect is the propagation of our case. This book originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Speeches and declarations a warning to the nation1941 169 in commemoration of the martyrs at qum april 3, 1963 174. The essays in this book challenge that view, arguing that khomeini and his islamic movement should be seen as a form of third world political populism a radical but pragmatic middleclass movement that strives to enter, rather than reject, the modern age. The islamic republic is a government according to the law and the wise men and theological experts of the clergy are therefore 15 the little green book ayatollah khomeini responsible for it.
It is they who must watch over all aspects of administration and planning. The second is the duty of the religious scholars the fuqaha to bring about an islamic state. International relations in the making of political islam. Democracy, rule of law form essential parts of imam khomeinis political thought id. The position of women from the viewpoint of imam khomeini. Full text of the little green book ayatollah khomeini. Governance of the jurist kindle edition by khomeini, ayatollah ruhollah. Khomeini argued that islamic law outlines an islamic state in which the clergy supervise the execution of islamic laws. Khomeini forces caused the shahs government to collapse. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The justification for irans mixed system of government can be found in the concept of velayate faqih, as expounded by ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, the first leader of postrevolutionary iran.